{"id":9143,"date":"2026-10-06T17:24:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T20:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/?p=9143"},"modified":"2026-10-06T17:43:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T20:43:58","slug":"da-casa-ao-parque-os-caminhos-ate-os-parques-de-sao-paulo-e-as-desigualdades-de-acesso-por-renda-raca-e-idade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/2026\/10\/06\/da-casa-ao-parque-os-caminhos-ate-os-parques-de-sao-paulo-e-as-desigualdades-de-acesso-por-renda-raca-e-idade\/","title":{"rendered":"From home to the park: the paths to S\u00e3o Paulo's parks and the inequalities of access based on income, race, and age."},"content":{"rendered":"
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This study investigates how the accessibility of S\u00e3o Paulo's population to the city's parks changes in the face of two predicted changes. The first is the expansion of the park network planned in the 2014 Strategic Master Plan and the 2022 Municipal Plan for Protected Areas, Green Areas and Open Spaces (PLANPAVEL). The second is the expansion of the metro network foreseen in official plans until 2040. In all scenarios, the population distribution and its sociodemographic characteristics are kept fixed, according to the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE).<\/div>\n
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The objective is to isolate the effect of each intervention on who can access the parks. The analysis is divided into two exercises, reflecting the distinct functions of the parks. The first deals with local parks, used daily. It considers all the city's parks and walking distances of up to 15 minutes, varying the park network. The second deals with regional parks, with the potential to attract visitors from all over the city. It selects the two most visited parks in each of the eight macro-regions with available data, totaling 16 parks, and measures access by public transport in 30, 60, and 90 minutes, varying the metro network. Then, it deepens the analysis on access within 60 minutes, detailing who already reaches each park and who will reach it with the expansion of the network. In the local park exercise, the expansion of the park network significantly increases pedestrian access. The proportion of the population living within 15 minutes of a park increases from about a quarter to half, and the median walking time drops from 26 to 15 minutes. The gain is socially progressive. Among the poorest 40% (401,000,000 inhabitants), coverage increases from 28.0% to 58.8%, while among the richest 10% it goes from 26.8% to 42.2%, a difference of 15.4 percentage points in access gain between the two groups. The same pattern appears across race and age. The Black population and children are the groups that benefit the most. This redistributive effect stems from the geography of the expansion, concentrated in the peripheries, where the environmental assets that motivated the demarcation of the parks are located and where the lower-income, Black, and younger population lives.<\/div>\n
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In terms of regional reach, the expansion of the subway system has little impact on access via public transportation as a whole in the city. Considering the 16 selected parks, the proportion of the population that reaches at least one regional park within 60 minutes increases from 81.3% to 83.8%, a gain of approximately 280,000 people. Even so, the gain is also progressive, and those who gain access are younger, poorer, and predominantly Black than the city average. When analyzing what happens with each of the 16 parks, the network effect marks the results. Although the new tracks extend into the periphery, it is the central parks that most expand their population reach, because they are located at the convergence points of the public transportation network. Ibirapuera Park registers the greatest democratization and the largest increase in the number of people. Aclima\u00e7\u00e3o Park leads in percentage gain in reach. At the opposite extreme, peripheral parks like Anhanguera and Horto Florestal hardly benefit, and there are regressive cases, namely, scenarios in which the new population with access to the parks has an income higher than that of the current nearby population, such as Vila Guilherme, whose public becomes even wealthier.<\/div>\n
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The main finding of the study is that, if all parks were implemented, the biggest challenge in accessing leisure and green spaces in parks would no longer be physical proximity, but rather the concentration of equipment and leisure activities in a few parks. If half the population has a park within a 15-minute walk of their home, it is necessary to ensure that this park makes sense for those who live near it and is used daily and on weekends. Otherwise, people will continue to travel for an hour or more in search of better infrastructure and activities offered by more distant parks.<\/div>\n
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The expansion of the subway network improves accessibility to parks in central areas, but this improvement may, paradoxically, deepen the inequality between central and peripheral parks. Since central parks usually offer better infrastructure and programming, making them more accessible may lead part of the peripheral population to prefer traveling to them, emptying the parks near their homes. This can weaken precisely the parks in the most vulnerable areas: with fewer visitors, the daily use and appropriation of these spaces by the surrounding community is reduced.<\/div>\n
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The recommendations follow from this reading. It is necessary to improve the equipment and leisure assets of both local and peripheral parks, in dialogue with the communities that use them; monitor and protect peripheral regional parks from depopulation; integrate the expansion of rail lines with the restructuring of the bus network; incorporate increased demand into the management of concessioned parks, reversing processes of elitism in services and privatization of programming; and treat walkability as the final link in local access. Expanding green areas on the city map is a necessary but not sufficient step. To translate into real and equitable use, expansion must be accompanied by a policy of equipment distribution and dialogue with those who use the parks.<\/div>\n
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Este estudo investiga como a acessibilidade da popula\u00e7\u00e3o de S\u00e3o Paulo aos parques da cidade se altera diante de duas mudan\u00e7as previstas. A primeira \u00e9 a expans\u00e3o da rede de parques planejada no Plano Diretor Estrat\u00e9gico de 2014 e Plano Municipal de \u00c1reas Protegidas, \u00c1reas Verdes e Espa\u00e7os Livres (PLANPAVEL) de 20221. A segunda \u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[89],"class_list":["post-9143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-estudo","tag-publicacoes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9143"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9152,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions\/9152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.zerocem.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}